Study

Notes about Git version control system taken from online tutorials such as:

• Git Tutorial for Beginners (51m) from Telusko
• Git Tutorials (1h24m) from Corey Schafer
• Git and GitHub (2h16m) from The Coding Train

Git = distributed version control system

• Manage different version of an app (every version could have different features)

• Def: Centralized Version Control System (CVCS)
  • A PC sends the previous/current version of the app to server (before the developer makes changes)
  • But what if the server fails? (or the server doesn’t have Internet connection?) => DVCS
• Distributed Version Control System (DVCS)
  • Everyone (all PCs) will have their own copy: a local repository for everyone and a remote repo on the server
• Trunk Based Development
  • Scenario: We have a project with a stable version (eg v4.7) and we need to add more features into a newer version v5.0.
  • But what if we found a bug in v4.7?
  • Can we work now on v4.7 and v5.0 simultaneously - to solve the bugs and add the features? => Yes, with branches.
  • We can create a new branch (v5.0) from the master branch (with the stable version 4.7), solve the bug in master branch while adding the features in v5.0 branch, then merge the branches together.
• Alternatives from GitHub: GitLab, BitBucket.

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Working directly on GitHub website:

• Commits tab on github will store all the version of the code (the files).
  • OBS: Each commit has an unique identifier (hash)
• For merging two branches:
  • Press button Compare and pull request -> Create Pull Request -> Solve conflicts (if they appear) -> Commit Merge -> Confirm Merge
• Fork: copy someone’s repo (with an exact replica and all previous commits)
• Insights tab => visualize tree branches (network)
• Github clone => clone is different than fork/pull: it means copying/downloading a repository to your local PC, from which you can commit and push later to the github remote/server.

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GitHub issues

Issues are usually used for comments: todos, bugs, feature requests, etc.

• An issue could be open/closed
  • An issue is opened until it’s solved (If it’s resolved, it will be closed)
  • All issue have an Id number (#10) that you can also add in the commit comment/message (eg. write “Solve authentication bug that fixes #10”)
  • You can use keywords for issues in commit messages (eg: “fixes #10” will automatically close the issue #10)
  • You can also put the entire hash code into an issue to refer to that exact commit (especially useful for different branches) and it will be automatically converted to a link to that commit.

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